What is macular degeneration?
Macular degeneration, often referred to as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is a chronic eye disease that is caused by the deterioration of the macula - a small area near the center of the retina at the back of the eye. The macula is responsible for making sure we can see things in front of us (central vision), which is crucial for tasks like reading, driving, and recognizing faces. If you have AMD, you may have trouble seeing clearly.
Types of macular degeneration
Dry AMD (Non-neovascular)
This is the more common type, accounting for about 85-90% of AMD cases. In dry AMD, small yellow deposits called drusen accumulate beneath the macula, leading to thinning and deterioration of the macular tissue over time. Dry AMD typically progresses slowly and may cause gradual central vision loss. For example, this might cause a person to see the numbers on a clock face but not the hands. Over time, the size of the blurred area increases, while objects appear faded, and blank spots develop in the central vision. You may find it difficult to read, use your computer, watch the television, drive, etc.
Wet AMD (Neovascular)
While less common, wet AMD is more severe and can cause rapid and severe vision loss. It occurs when abnormal blood vessels grow beneath the macula, leaking blood and fluid into the retina, which can lead to scarring and irreversible damage. Wet AMD can cause sudden distortion or loss of central vision. Typically, wet AMD develops in people who have already had dry AMD. It is very important that anyone who has unusual symptoms (such as straight lines appearing to be wavy or blurring of the central vision) contacts their trusted Spec-Savers optometrist as soon as possible.
This is the more common type, accounting for about 85-90% of AMD cases. In dry AMD, small yellow deposits called drusen accumulate beneath the macula, leading to thinning and deterioration of the macular tissue over time. Dry AMD typically progresses slowly and may cause gradual central vision loss. For example, this might cause a person to see the numbers on a clock face but not the hands. Over time, the size of the blurred area increases, while objects appear faded, and blank spots develop in the central vision. You may find it difficult to read, use your computer, watch the television, drive, etc.
Wet AMD (Neovascular)
While less common, wet AMD is more severe and can cause rapid and severe vision loss. It occurs when abnormal blood vessels grow beneath the macula, leaking blood and fluid into the retina, which can lead to scarring and irreversible damage. Wet AMD can cause sudden distortion or loss of central vision. Typically, wet AMD develops in people who have already had dry AMD. It is very important that anyone who has unusual symptoms (such as straight lines appearing to be wavy or blurring of the central vision) contacts their trusted Spec-Savers optometrist as soon as possible.
AMD symptoms
Risk factors for AMD include age (it most commonly affects people over 50), family history, smoking, obesity, high blood pressure, and prolonged exposure to sunlight.
- Blurred central vision
- Difficulty reading or performing tasks that require detailed vision
- Dark or empty areas in the central vision
- Straight lines appearing wavy or distorted
Treatment for AMD
While there is currently no cure for AMD, treatment options aim to slow the progression of the disease and manage symptoms.
For dry AMD, this may include nutritional supplements, lifestyle changes, and regular monitoring. Wet AMD may be treated with injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs to reduce abnormal blood vessel growth and preserve vision.
Early detection and timely intervention are crucial in managing AMD and preserving vision. Regular comprehensive eye exams, including dilated eye evaluations, are recommended with your trusted Spec-Savers optometrist, especially for individuals at higher risk or those experiencing symptoms.
